Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are anticipated to play a key role in future smart wireless networks by enabling control over the propagation environment and improving communication ...

We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors ...

(a) Unit optimization process with a hybrid continuous-discrete PSO algorithm. The particulars of the yellow and green boxes in the optimization are elaborated in (b) and (c), respectively. (b) The ...