T cell activation—the process by which these key immune defenders recognize threats and mobilize against them—depends on ...

Severe bacterial pneumonia remains a major cause of death in critically ill patients, largely due to impaired early immune responses. New research reveals that butyric acid, a metabolite produced by ...

When bacteria cells replicate, they do so a little differently than human cells do. They don't undergo mitosis, a splitting that involves construction of spindles to carefully separate the DNA after ...

Innate immune sensors—known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)—detect specific molecular components of bacterial or viral intruders. The PRRs forward the signals which results in the production ...

Researchers have found that specific gut cells, BEST4/CA7+ cells, regulate electrolyte and water balance in response to bacterial toxins that cause diarrhea. Their findings show that these cells ...

In a first-of-its-kind lab study, scientists prove that probiotic bacteria stimulate immediate and measurable changes in brain cell function, hinting at a new direct communication between your gut and ...

The vagus nerve is a direct link between the gut and brain. Scientists have now used a mouse model to show that changes in gut bacteria could be ... | Microbiology ...

Researchers have identified two gut bacteria that can produce serotonin, a key chemical that regulates bowel movements. In experiments with mice lacking serotonin, the microbes boosted serotonin ...