In our three-dimensional space, elementary particles neatly filter into either bosons or fermions. But in lower dimensions, that distinction gets a bit murky.

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

A committee-supported project or activity that has been completed and for which output dissemination has begun. Its committee has been disbanded and closeout procedures are underway. Elementary ...

An experiment deep underground hopes to explain the gallium anomaly. The gallium anomaly dates back 20 years to a confusing experimental finding. The answer could represent a fundamental shift, or it ...

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

Two independent lines of evidence from the world’s most powerful particle experiments are converging on the same ...

Quarks are among the smallest things that science has discovered, shown experimentally to be about a million billion times smaller than a grain of sand. Joshua Jackson, Luther College senior of East ...

Todd Pedlar has been a professor in the Physics Department since 2003. Some of his course topics include Classical Physics, Electricity and Magnetism, Quantum Mechanics, Nuclear and Particle Physics, ...

Something genuinely strange has just happened in fundamental physics: an underground neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean ...