XES is an element-specific method primarily used to analyze the partially occupied electronic structure of materials. The technique is one of the photon-in-photon-out spectroscopies in which an ...

The basis of modern oil analysis programs refers to the use of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) for measuring the parts per million (ppm) levels of contaminants, wear metals, and additives in oil ...

Plasma diagnostics and spectroscopy offer critical insights into the fundamental properties of ionised gases across a wide range of applications, from industrial processing to controlled thermonuclear ...