Time will always be“of the essence” for professional engineers and amateur enthusiasts alike. This can certainly be said about the process of designing circuits involving Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).

To measure a zener diode’s breakdown voltage, you need a dc voltage source whose voltage exceeds that of the zener voltage. In Figure 1, resistor R SER provides voltage drop between V IN and V ZEN. In ...

Editors’ Note: This segment is adapted from Chapter 3 of Power Supplies for LED Driving by Steve Winder. We have seen in Chapter 2 that an LED behaves like a constant voltage load with low equivalent ...

Fig 1. This voltage regulator circuit (a) uses green LEDs as both the stabilization elements and as the voltage indicators at the front-panel switch (b). Fig 2. The addition of resistor R4 to the ...