Past studies have found that the brains of some animals generate representations of the direction in which they are headed. For instance, the heading direction of insects is represented by the ...

Recognizing direct relationships between variables connected in a network is a pervasive problem in biological, social and information sciences as correlation-based networks contain numerous indirect ...

The collective dynamics of many natural systems ranging from regulatory circuits and metabolic systems 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 to communication, distribution, and supply networks 8,9 is derived from the direct ...